Many scientists in the school study humans and human health: how the body develops, how it is affected by mutations, pathogens and the environment, and how it has evolved.

Particular areas of focus are the study of how life begins and carries on to the next generation, and how basic mechanisms of reproduction and development are disrupted by harmful chemicals and pollution in our environment as well as by genetic disorders. We study fundamental genetic mechanisms underlying development, homeostasis, disease, and physiology using powerful biomedical organisms such as fruit flies, zebrafish, marsupials, mouse, and humans themselves. We study how the body is assailed by pathogenic agents such as fungi and mosquito-borne pathogens that cause malaria and dengue fever and explore new strategies to combat these. Finally, we address our place on earth as a species, how our genomes have evolved and how our existing populations are structured.

The supervisors below have projects available in the area of Biotechnology and Translational researchThe living cell possesses extraordinary capabilities that allow it to sense and respond to its environment, metabolise nutrients required for growth and division and undergo changes in cell shape and function. All of these processes are under the control of the hereditary instructions or genes it expresses, from among the thousands in its genome.Research groups in the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Domain address both fundamental and applied questions spanning the breadth of the two disciplines. Our research includes quantitative risk assessment, ecological and species distribution modelling, vegetation mapping, integrative pest and disease management, conservation biology, marine and fisheries management, and behavioural ecology. We ask questions at different levels of organization from individuals through to assemblages and study a broad array of organisms that span aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.The Evolution and Behaviour Group examines the behaviour and evolution of land animals at several levels, from genes to populations. Research on behaviour includes: visual signalling in birds, reptiles and insects; acoustic signalling in birds and amphibians; and chemical signalling in insects. Research in evolutionary biology investigates the evolutionary process that produced the diversity of life we see today. This includes the study of macro-evolutionary patterns of phenotypic diversity, phylogeny and taxonomy; biogeography and patterns of speciation; the origin, structure and maintenance of hybrid zones; sexual selection, including female choice and sperm competition; the evolution of co-operation in birds and invertebrates; and inter-specific relationships.

Marine biologists in the School of BioSciences work on a diversity of topics across marine organisms, their conservation and management. We conduct our research in temperate and tropical marine environments, from estuaries to the deep sea.

Together we investigate the:

• Behaviour, ecology, evolution and biodiversity of marine organisms;
• Effects of human disturbance on habitats, species and communities;
• Technologies to improve the productivity of aquaculture and its environmental performance;
• Adaptation of aquaculture and fishery management for climate change;
• Ecological aspects of marine protected areas and fisheries management.

The groups based within Melbourne Integrate Genomics all apply various computational and experimental approaches to understand how genes shape living organisms, at large scale. Research includes the development of robust gene regulatory models with applications in synthetic biology, studies of human evolution at both the genetic and the experimental level, and tackling computational and statistical problems in population genetics, including helping to understand the complex HLA and KIR gene systems and the genomic basis of complex human traits.Microbes are both vital and problematic. Without them our world couldn't exist, but some cause us monumental grief. Understanding microbes helps us manage our environment, stay healthy and look after our crops, livestock and food supplies. Genetic tools have given us powerful means to understand these invisible organisms that impact our lives in myriad ways.Research groups within the Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology (MCDB) domain use genetic, biochemical, molecular and cellular approaches to investigate and manipulate fundamental biological processes across species that span the tree of life. Researchers study a broad range of species from viruses and bacteria to plants and animals. We share research strengths in plant biology, genetics and reproduction. We are united though the use of molecular approaches but have varied applications and model species which create a rich and interdisciplinary environment with a broad diversity of course and research offerings to students.The fungi are a large group of over a million estimated microscopic and macroscopic species. They play fundamental roles in ecology, industry, and plant and animal diseases. The mycology and plant pathology focuses in the School are on both crop and human diseases, as well as investigation of fungal diversity. We apply molecular and field-based approaches to identify genes essential for disease, molecular mechanisms involved in virulence, genes and mechanisms involved in fungicide resistance and management strategies to minimise the deleterious impact of fungal diseases.

Life is dependent on plants: as the only organisms able to make their own food, these primary producers are vital to the world's ecosystems. From food, medicines, clothing and the air we breathe, we could not exist without them. Indeed, all of the research that occurs within the School of BioSciences is built upon the foundation of plant functions. Research groups in Plant Biology study a broad range of topics including:

• Plant diversity, classification, biogeography and conservation
• Plant growth and development
• Plant cell wall biosynthesis and cell-cell communication
• Plant nutrition and genetic engineering of crops to improve human nutrition (biofortification)
• Plant breeding systems and self incompatibility
• Plant defence against herbivory; plant secondary metabolites including cyanogenic compounds and the oils of eucalypts
• Plant interactions with fungal pathogens
• Evolution of plant, algal and protozoan cells, e.g., evolution of endosymbionts, the malaria parasite with its remnant chloroplast, and bio-mineralisation and bioadhesion of algal cell walls.

Students working in the plant biology field are eligible for support in the form of the generous scholarships and awards from the Botany Foundation.

The researchers listed below investigate the fate, behaviour, toxicity and management of pollution in the environment including in water, soil, air, light and waste. Our research covers ecological sustainability and human health including traditional pollutants (e.g. metals, nitrogen and hydrocarbons) as well as emerging contaminants such as per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and microplastics. Outcomes from our research are used by government, industry and the community to make decisions and more safely manage polluted environments.The Population and Quantitative Genetics Group investigate the causes and consequences of genetic variation in natural populations. A broad range of statistical techniques such as Genome-Wide Association and Genomic Selection methods are used to explore the pattern and effect of molecular variation at the whole genome level. Biological models of interest include humans, plants and insects with an emphasis on biological questions related to human health and agriculture.The Reproduction and Development Groups study the very beginnings of life and factors that influence the growth and health of the embryo, foetus and offspring. Basic and biomedical research of mammalian systems focuses on the genetics and molecular control of early embryo development, sexual differentiation, environmental disruptors of development, stem cell biology, comparative genomics and reproductive physiology. Reproduction is the science of the transmission of life!Below are the researchers in the Melbourne Veterinary School who are leading projects you might be interested in.Below are the researchers in the School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences who are leading projects you might be interested in.